Association for Behavior Analysis International

The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice.

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38th Annual Convention; Seattle, WA; 2012

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Poster Session #183
CSE Poster Session 2
Sunday, May 27, 2012
12:00 PM–2:00 PM
Exhibit Hall 4AB (Convention Center)
1. Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Human Rights Training on Direct Support Staff's Knowledge of Adult Client's Rights
Area: CSE; Domain: Service Delivery
Shawnee D. Collins (Chrysalis), Jared A. Chase (Chrysalis), JASON HARRISON (Chrysalis), Tyson B. Terry (Chrysalis), Brandon Condie (Chrysalis), Jacqueline L. Hunter (Chrysalis)
Abstract:

As residential providers for adults with disabilities strive to attain the ideal of normalization and provide person-centered supports in community settings, they face many challenges. One such challenge is training direct support staffs to recognize and respect the rights of adults with disabilities. This research was designed to evaluate the effects of Part 1 of a 2-part Human Rights Training on staff's knowledge of adult client's rights. The training included discussion of (1) personal experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities; (2) national, state, and agency regulations; and (3) research establishing the impact of social pressure(s) on a person's behavior. Moreover, the training included opportunities for direct support staffs to practice recognizing a person's rights and making least-restrictive, most inclusive decisions. In 1 group, the average learning gain from pre-test to post-test was 26% (ranging from 8% to 46%). Similar results were obtained across training sessions in multiple training sites across 2 states.

 
2. The Effect of Two Interventions on Recycling Volume in a College of Education
Area: CSE; Domain: Applied Research
SAMUEL THOMPSON (Texas Tech University), Wesley H. Dotson (Texas Tech University), David M. Richman (Texas Tech University), Layla Abby (Texas Tech University)
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of several interventions on recycling behavior (measures in pounds of material recycled each week) across four floors of a large building on a university campus. During baseline, unmarked recycling bins were scattered randomly around the building. The first intervention was to replace the unmarked bins with clearly marked bins for paper, plastic, and aluminum cans at several locations on each of three floors in the building in a multiple-baseline-across-floors design. A second intervention (a PR campaign) was introduced for all floors after the new bins had been in place and shown a positive, but variable, effect on recycling. The PR campaign did not produce a clear effect on recycling behavior. Implications for supporting building-wide recycling efforts will be discussed.
 
3. Evaluation of Bicyclists Behavior Before and After a Share the Road Campaign
Area: CSE; Domain: Applied Research
Mariel Parman (University of Mississippi), LINDSEY CLARK (University of Mississippi), Kate Kellum (University of Mississippi), Jake Moore (University of Mississippi), Lee Schaefer (University of Mississippi), Kelly G. Wilson (University of Mississippi)
Abstract:

The Office of Sustainability and Associated Student Body developed and implemented a Share the Road campaigned which aimed to promote safety awareness for all users of the road. For one week at the student union, people signed pledges to share the road with others and received information on how to increase their safety. Pledges have been found increase pedestrian safety (Boyce & Geller, 2000), but there is no published evidence to date about using such pledges in bike safety campaigns. The campaign also included various public service announcements and stories in local media. Observers recorded a number of key safety behaviors of bicyclists at a busy intersection on campus for 4 weeks prior to the intervention for the remainder of the semester (10 weeks). Safe behaviors included riding in the correct lane, stopping at the stop sign at the intersection and wearing a helmet. Unsafe behaviors included riding in the wrong lane, riding on the sidewalk, running the stop sign, and talking on the phone while riding.

 
4. Weight Loss and Health Promotion for Adults with Disabilities
Area: CSE; Domain: Service Delivery
MICHELLE LAROCQUE (Florida Atlantic University)
Abstract: Obesity in the United States is one of the most significant public health problems confronting our society today. Many individuals with disabilities may find it more difficult to eat healthy foods, control their weight, and be physically active. Obesity often leads to associated health and social issues that impair an individual’s quality of life. This may include numerous medical complications such as higher rates of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pressure sores, gall bladder and liver disease, certain forms of cancer, and depression. Individuals who are obese are more susceptible to social isolation and psychological problems because of stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, and stigmatization. Although obesity affects individuals of all ages, genders, and racial/ethnic groups, people with disabilities appear to be most at risk. The consequences of obesity may cause greater harm to people with disabilities because of the difficulty in accessing health promotion programs in their home or community. This poster session will discuss how one community used client preference to create new programs and assist individuals in monitoring and maintaining their own health.
 
5. A Review of Behavioral Interventions in Elderly Populations With Dementia: Research and Clinical Implications
Area: CSE; Domain: Theory
KRISTEN BRAUN (Macon County Mental Health Board), Alvin House (Illinois State University)
Abstract:

The average lifespan and proportion of aging individuals in the United States is growing, with a projected 25-30% of the population 60 years old or older in 2030 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). Aging is a typical developmental process, which can produce a continuum of normative to pathological cognitive and physiological processes. Dementia, a disorder often associated with aging, is characterized by memory, cognitive, and functional impairments. Because dementia often affecting areas of language, thought, memory, executive functioning, judgment, attention, perception, and daily living skills, it has tremendous implications for peoples quality of life, eliciting great personal, familial, systemic, and societal costs. Maintaining cognitive health may be the tipping point between living independently or relying on a caretaker and/or receiving costly institutional care (CDC & Alzheimers Association, 2007). Pharmacological and behavioral interventions appear to be effective in promoting stabilization or slowing the disease process. Symptomatic behaviors of dementia (e.g., medication management and compliance, public masturbation, falling, wandering, vocalizations) are ideal targets for effecting socially significant change using behaviorally-based interventions. This poster will review the use of behavioral methods in the elderly population with dementia and provide recommendations for future research avenues and clinical applications.

 
6. The Binghamton Classroom Project
Area: CSE; Domain: Service Delivery
MICHELLE ACCARDI (Binghamton University), Colleen Cleere (Binghamton University), Amanda Deming (Binghamton University), Richard Kaufmann (Binghamton University), David Sloan Wilson (Binghamton University), Steven Lynn (Binghamton University), Peter Stewart (Binghamton City School District), Peggy Wozniak (Binghamton City School District)
Abstract: The Binghamton Classroom Project began with a collaboration between the Evolutionary Studies Department and the Psychology Department at Binghamton University to develop a program that reduces undesirable classroom behaviors and simultaneously increases prosocial behaviors. Goals of the project include 1) ease of implementation by staff with adequate training; 2) transferability of treatment gains to multiple contexts and classrooms; 3) manageability for existing staff (e.g., teachers, graduate students, undergraduate research assistants). In the most recent iteration of the project, three elementary school classrooms were identified as treatment targets. Stages of intervention included baseline assessment, program planning, initiation and implementation, program modification, feedback, and evaluation of behavioral and academic outcomes. Preliminary data obtained from a first grade class documented the potential effectiveness of a behavior modification intervention (see Figure 1). The current proposal will report on the effectiveness of a revised innovative program that is the first to combine traditional behavior modification with attention and mindfulness training, tailored specifically to early elementary school students. Advantages and limitations of the approach will be discussed, along with future directions.
 
7. Discounting of Environmental Concerns Using a Visual Analogue Scale
Area: CSE; Domain: Applied Research
BRENT KAPLAN (University of Kansas), Derek D. Reed (University of Kansas)
Abstract: Given the increased focus on environmental concerns, there has been relatively little research focusing on temporal and social factors influencing decisions regarding them. 33 undergraduates in an introductory level psychology course were recruited to answer questions related to an environmental vignette. Participants rated, on a visual analogue scale, how concerned they were about a specific issue and how much time they would allot to solving the issue. A visual analogue scale is a subjective measurement tool that is a 100 mm line with descriptive anchors on each end. Participants marked their ratings on that line. The vignettes differed in the amount of time until the environmental issue would take place and differed in who the issue affected. Results show that participants’ ratings followed a discounting function for both delay and social conditions with R2 values ranging from .91 to .98. Results also indicate that there was a significant difference between ratings of concern and time allotment to solve the issue. These results serve as an important first step in isolating and quantifying factors influencing decisions regarding environmental issues. Data collection on this project is ongoing with an expected sample size of 180 participants.
 
8. Behavioral Intervention: Severe Behavior Follow-up Program
Area: CSE; Domain: Applied Research
BRIANA R. LOPEZ (The Marcus Autism Center), Natalie A. Parks (Marcus Autism Center), Nathan Call (Marcus Autism Center)
Abstract: Positive long-term outcomes for individuals who received interventions in intensive day treatment settings for severe problem behavior are correlated with high treatment integrity of caregivers upon discharge (Witt et al., 1997). To date, there are few longitudinal studies examining outcomes and the integrity of treatment implementation following discharge from an intensive day treatment program. Follow-up services were provided to former clients of an intensive day-treatment program and their caregivers within their homes and communities for 12 visits that spanned six months. During these visits a trained therapist observed and recorded data on client behavior and caregiver implementation of the treatment package recommended upon discharge. Additional training was provided in the form of didactics, modeling, rehearsal, and performance feedback. To date, six participants have successfully completed all six months of follow-up services and results indicate that high treatment integrity is correlated with maintenance of an 80% or greater reduction in problem behavior upon discharge. The data also indicate that the treatment generalized across community settings (e.g., the grocery store). The number of components or complexity of treatment was not correlated with integrity.
 
 

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