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| CBM Monday Poster Session |
| Monday, May 29, 2023 |
| 1:00 PM–3:00 PM |
| Convention Center, Exhibit Hall F |
| Chair: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
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| 59. A Replication and Extension of Comparisons of Trial-Based and Extended Functional Analyses of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| JENNIFER M. KOZISEK (University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute), Laura E Phipps (Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center), Bethany Hansen (Munroe-Meyer Institute ), Ashley Andersen (Clinic 4 Kidz), Nicole C Demchuk (Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center), Kathryn M. Peterson (Rutgers University and Children's Specialized Hospital) |
| Discussant: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
| Abstract: Children with feeding difficulties often display inappropriate mealtime behavior (IMB) during mealtimes. Effective treatments rely on proper identification of variables that maintain IMB using strategies such as an extended functional analysis (EFA; Bachmeyer et al. 2019; Girolami & Scotti, 2001; Najdowski et al. [2003, 2008]; Piazza, Fisher, et al. 2003). However, barriers to conducting EFAs exist, such as limited time, resources, and training (Oliver et al., 2015). A trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) is an alternative method that has been shown to have increased efficiency while requiring fewer resources (Andersen et al., 2022; Saini, Fisher et al, 2019). The purpose of the current study was to replicate procedures by Andersen et al. (2022) to further investigate the correspondence between TBFA and EFA, evaluate the effects of indicated treatments, and determine the efficiency of the procedures. The current study also extended Andersen et al. (2022) by implementing an antecedent assessment prior to the treatment evaluation to aide in improving overall consumption. This evaluation found that all function-based treatments identified by both the EFA and TBFA were effective at reducing inappropriate mealtime behavior despite low agreement between the two assessments. However, the TBFA was shown to be implemented with higher efficiency. |
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| 60. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Feeding and Swallowing: Combining Oral-Motor and Behavioral Methods |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| LINDSEY ELSON (University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute ), Bethany Hansen (University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute ), Amy K. Drayton (University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute ) |
| Discussant: Javid Rahaman (University of Nebraska Medical Center) |
| Abstract: Combining the expertise of a team of interdisciplinary professionals to treat pediatric feeding and swallowing results in individualized treatment plans that address all aspects (medical, nutritional, oral-motor, and behavioral) of feeding problems (Piazza, 2008). One area of concern to both speech-language pathologists and behavior analysts is oral-motor behaviors that interfere with swallowing. In this study, a speech-language pathologist in collaboration with a licensed psychologist, and behavior analyst assessed the child’s oral motor function and identified an uncoordinated swallowing behavior characterized by a suckling-like pattern with a prolonged anterior-posterior transfer that could be operationally defined and reliably observed across behavior technicians. Previous research suggests that applying pressure to the back of the child’s tongue improved oral-motor deficits and increased the efficiency of meals resulting in decreased tube dependence (Gibbons, et al., 2007). In this study, we used a multiple baseline design across foods to evaluate the effects of adding pressure to a modified-bolus placement on these specific oral-motor behaviors. The incorporation of adding pressure to the back of the child’s tongue with a flipped spoon decreased the oral-motor deficit (uncoordinated swallow) to 0% and increased acceptance to 100% for a child who was admitted to an intensive day treatment program for food refusal and tube dependence. Implications will be discussed. |
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| 61. Effects of Goals and Monetary Incentives on Physical Activity |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| KATHERINE CUCINOTTA (West Virginia University), Kathryn M. Kestner (West Virginia University) |
| Discussant: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
| Abstract: Physical inactivity is an increasing concern in the United States, with fiscal consequences totaling $117 billion annually in health-related expenses (Department of Health and Human Services, 2018) and health repercussions including increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). In West Virginia, 29.7% of adults report engaging in no leisure-time physical activity in the past month (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a goal-setting procedure on physical activity in sedentary adults using a reversal design. Adults who met inclusion criteria (based on steps or the intensity of physical activity during an assessment period) were provided a Fitbit device and included. In baseline, participants wore their Fitbit device during waking hours. During intervention phases, participants were given individualized daily physical activity goals based on their performance the previous week. Participants earned a monetary incentive for meeting daily goals at least 5 out of 7 days.. Physical activity levels increased during intervention phases and, for some participants, sustained at similar levels after monetary incentives were removed. Future research should examine effects of different goal-setting procedures for various forms of physical activity. |
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| 62. Effective Behavioral Patterns in Clinical Settings |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| GLADIS LEE PEREIRA XAVIER (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Concepcion Serrador Diez (Universidad de Guadalajara, CEIC), Daniel Echevarría (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Natalia Andrés- López (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Discussant: Javid Rahaman (University of Nebraska Medical Center) |
| Abstract: Change Processes Research (CPR) in psychotherapy focuses on finding which factors explain therapeutic outcomes. The most well-known methodology in this field is to correlate descriptive cross-sectional variables with outcomes obtained from self-report questionnaires (Johns et al., 2019). However, this approach has shown little clinical utility, as it does not allow clinicians to identify which learning mechanisms are behind higher outcomes. Therefore, we aim to use a functional tool applied to the clinical field so we could detect behavioral patterns associated with positive outcomes. A single-case study was conducted with nine clinical cases from three therapists and 58 clinical sessions over 10 years of clinical experience. Data was collected using observational methodology and verbal interaction was assessed using a functional tool. Results show sequential patterns when clients achieve target behaviors, but are erratic when client’s verbal behaviors drift away from therapeutic goals. It appears that some specific interactions, such as praise after clinically relevant behaviors, are used consistently across all sessions analyzed. We also conclude that more studies focusing on problematic behavior during clinical interactions are needed. |
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| 63. The Hidden Benefits to Intensive Feeding Therapy |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Service Delivery |
| LAUREN MICHELLE PEAK (Munroe-Meyer Institute ), Bethany Hansen (Munroe Meyer Institute ) |
| Discussant: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
| Abstract: While intensive feeding therapy can be beneficial to increase the volume, efficiency, and nutrition consumption of food, what other benefits could this intensive therapy potentially offer families? Participants in the current study are receiving intensive feeding therapy, which often includes oral motor skill development, modeling of healthy contingencies, and a language rich environment. Even though prior studies have demonstrated these treatment components may positively impact language and caregiver-child interactions (Hansen & Shillingsburg, 2016) these have not been assessed in the context of feeding therapy. In addition to improvements in the children’s feeding, improvements in the child’s communication skills, caregiver stress, and the caregiver and child’s interactions may also occur even though they are not directly targeted during treatment. Caregivers will complete measures addressing parent stress, mealtime behaviors and the effect of feeding difficulties on the family unit. Additionally, direct observations will occurr under three conditions as outlined in Parent Child Interaction Therapy (Eyberg, 1988), at the beginning and end of treatment. We hypothesize that following participation in intensive feeding therapy, increases during the direct observation in positive caregiver behaviors (e.g., labeled praise, reflections) and child vocalizations. Finally, we hypothesize caregivers will report reductions in overall stress and stress during mealtimes. |
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| 64. Responses of Delay Discounting and Behavioral Demand for Food to Acute Exercise and Relations With Body Mass Index (BMI) |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Basic Research |
| JONATHAN R. MILLER (University of Colorado, Denver), Tanya Halliday (University of Utah), Mollie White (University of Colorado School of Medicine), Ed Melanson (University of Colorado School of Medicine), Marc-Andre Cornier (University of Colorado School of Medicine) |
| Discussant: Javid Rahaman (University of Nebraska Medical Center) |
| Abstract: Delay discounting and behavioral demand for food have been shown to be related to obesity, with more rapid decreases in value of delayed outcomes, higher consumption when food is free (high demand intensity), and greater continued consumption as costs of food increase (low demand elasticity) each associated with greater obesity. Recent research suggests exercise may improve delay discounting; however, whether these effects are observed acutely or vary with different forms of exercise has yet to be examined. Furthermore, effects of exercise on behavioral demand for food has also yet to be examined. In this pilot study, 19 adults with body mass index (BMI) ranging from healthy to obese completed hypothetical questionnaires assessing delay discounting of money and behavioral demand for food following three activity conditions: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and sedentary activity. Results suggest delay discounting of money was not affected by acute exercise, but behavioral demand for food was. More specifically, both aerobic and resistance exercise decreased elasticity relative to sedentary activity (ps<.05), but intensity did not differ by activity. Furthermore, relative differences in demand intensity between exercise and sedentary activities were found to be negatively related to BMI (rs= -.59 to -.64, ps<.010). Relative differences in elasticity were not related to BMI. These preliminary findings suggest that behavioral demand for food, but not delay discounting of money, is sensitive to acute exercise and that demand intensity and elasticity exhibit differential responses to exercise. |
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| 67. An Analysis on Increasing Duration of Yoga Using Antecedent Interventions and the Effects on Postpartum Depression Symptoms |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| BRIANNA NIEVES (Bay Path University ), Gabrielle Morgan (Bay Path University) |
| Discussant: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
| Abstract: New mothers are faced with many contingencies that prevent them from engaging in self care activities such as other children to provide for, a significant other to spend time with, and a house to take care of often leading to a lack of self care. Due to these factors along with hormone fluctuations and exhaustion, approximately 15% of mothers are diagnosed with postpartum depression (PPD) within the first 5 months after giving birth. One of the promising interventions to reduce PPD symptoms is engagement in yoga. In this study, antecedent interventions including programmed phone reminders were used to increase engagement in yoga and would result in an accompanying decrease in PPD symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9. The results showed that the intervention resulted in a significant increase in yoga engagement by a new mother and there was a decrease in PPD symptoms across the duration of the study. |
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| 69. Assessing Private Events and Covert Behavior Within FBA in Typically-Developed Children with SED and EBD in School Settings |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Applied Research |
| ZOE BROADUS (Northern Michigan University), Jacob H. Daar (Northern Michigan University), Ada Popovic (Northern Michigan University Department of Psychology) |
| Discussant: Carolynn S. Kohn (University of the Pacific) |
| Abstract: The present study investigated the use of a newly-developed functional process-based interview for use within a school-based functional behavior assessment with a highly verbal child presenting with both autism and emotional/behavioral disorder. This assessment resulted in the creation of a “process map” showing the flow of the participant’s covert behaviors within the four-term contingency. For comparative purposes, the same interview was provided to the client’s teacher. Both participants also responded to a more standard functional assessment interview. Results indicate that there was a profound difference between the student and the teacher’s responses on both the functional assessment interview, and the process-based interview. The process map of the student showed a typically unexplored aspect of interviewee’s environment in regard to the four-term contingency of applied behavior analysis, namely motivating/establishing operations, antecedents, behaviors, and consequences. This case study stands as a pilot study for further research involving participation of the client within their own assessment, and of the assessment of covert behaviors and private events. |
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| 158. Caregivers and Staff Member’s Acceptability of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Interventions in Nursing Homes in Iceland and Norway |
| Area: CBM; Domain: Service Delivery |
| HANNA STEINUNN STEINGRIMSDOTTIR (Reykjavik University), Anette Brogård Antonsen (Oslo Metropolitan University), Javid Rahaman (University of Nebraska Medical Center) |
| Abstract: This study was a replication of Baker and LeBlanc's (2011) "Acceptability of Interventions for Aggressive Behavior in Long-Term Care Settings: Comparing Ratings and Hierarchical Selection." The study examined caregivers and staff members acceptability of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral disturbances in nursing homes residents in Iceland and Norway. Participants were recruited online using a convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to evaluate acceptability of three treatments: (1) Communication Treatment, (2) Light and Sensory Treatment and (3) Pharmacological Intervention. A total of 189 individuals answered the questionnaire. Caregivers in Iceland found the Communication Treatment most acceptable, whereas in Norway the caregivers scored the Light and Sensory Treatment as most acceptable. Staffmembers, rated the Communication- and Light and Sensory Treatment similarly. However, across both countries and groups the pharmacological treatment was rated the least acceptable treatment. |
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